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Meet the Assholes running your brain
First of all, excuse my French but it has to be said because that's exactly what these emotions do-they are assholes. In any case, in this blog I will show different parts of the brain that are causing us harm, everyday.
Amy G. Dala (Amygdala)-Amy's your internal fire alarm but she's a drama queen. She freaks out anytime you try to do something vulnerable (post online, say no, etc). Her job is to scan for danger and alert the rest of your system. But she doesn't fact check. She REACTS. When Amy takes over, your heart races, your stomach clenches, and you feel like something bad is about to happen (even when you're just sending a friendly email). To help Amy, try placing your hand on your chest and breathing or humming to calm her down.
Carl (Prefrontal Cortex)- Carl is your logic guy. He is strategy, decision making, boundary setting and creativity. Yes, he's quiet the know it all. But the second Amy starts screaming Carl shuts the fuck down like a hungover intern. He's responsbile for planning, problem solving, and goal setting--but he only comes online when you're regulated. When Carl's offline, you spiral, forget everything you know, and suddenly can't spell 'house'. To bring Carl back, move your body gently (walking, swaying) and name 3 things you can see/hear to reengage your executive brain.
Vega (Vagus Nerve)- Vega is the vibe regulator. The chill, hoodie wearing CEO. She listens to everything-from your breath to your digestion-and tells your body whether it is safe to chill or needs to fight for its life. She runs the parasympathetic nervouse system (rest + digest) and connects your brain, heart, lungs and gut. When Vega is toned and regulated, you feel calm, clear, and connected. To support Vega-make long exhales, gargling, chanting, or cold water on your face.
Nora (norepinephrine aka noradrenaline)- Nora brings the juice. She floods your body with adrenaline when there's an emergency. She's great in a real crisis, but terrible when you're just running late for yoga. She is responsible for that initial fight or flight surge--racing heart, shaky hands, tunnel vision. When Nora's overworking, you feel jettery, panicked, and like everything is URGENT. To help her, try a vigorous towel twist, heel drops, or shaking your limbs out to burn off adrenaline.
Hippo (Hippocampus)-she is your emotional historian. She doesn't just remember what happened-she remembers how it felt. Every time your body went 'fuck, that wasn't safe,' she stamped it in her little trauma scrapbook. She links smells, sounds, places, and vibes to past emotions. So when you're spiraling over a text or panicking in a room that feel familiar? That's Hippo. She's not trying to sabotage you-she's trying to predict pain before it happens again. How to rewire her--pair new emotional experiences with old triggers--like laughing in a place where you used to freeze.
Basal Bae (Basal Ganglia)-he is your brain's little hoarder. He stores routines and habits, even the ones you're trying to outgrow. Her job is efficiency. She runs old programs to save energy, even if they're glitchy as fuck. When Basal Bae is in charge, you scroll without thinking, pick the same toxic dynamic, or spiral into 'this is just how I am'. Update her by pairing new action with a familiar cue-like pressing your feet into the floor every time you open Instagram. Rewiring takes repetition, not willpower.
Cort (Cortisol)-He is your stress dealer. He is the one dumping cortisol in your bloodstream anytime your brain thinks you're in danger--even if it's just a notification ping. Cortisol is helpful in the short-term but when it's always high, you feel wired, tired, foggy, and inflamed. When Corty's overactive, your sleep sucks, your patience vanishes, and your digestion shuts down. Use exhale focused breathing, sunlight, or a slow facial massage to help Corty calm the hell down.
Dee (Default Mode Network)-Dee is the daydreamer-slash doomsayer. She comes online when you're not actively focused and she loves playing Worst Case Scenario Theater. The DMN is responsible for self-reflection but when overactivated it loops shame, comparison and overthinking. When Dee takes over, you feel stuck in the past or worried about the future. Anchor into the now with 5-4-3-2-1 sensory reset.
Neuraceptia (Neuroception)-she is your subconscious bouncer and kind of a yappy little chihuahua. She's always scanning for cues of danger or safety, deciding 'are we good?' or 'abort mission! without checking in with you. She decides. Is it safe to relax or do we need to armor the fuck up? When Neuraceptia misreads the room, you flinch at kindness, brace for rejection, or feel unsafe even when nothing's wrong. Ground her with sensation-touch your arms, look around the room slowly, or listen to soothing sounds to help her update the threat radar.
Ani (Autonomic Nervous System)-Ani runs the whole damn show behind the scenes. She switches you into fight/Flight/Freeze/Fawn based on what Neuraceptia picks up. She's automatic-you don't get to choose her response. When Ani is dysregulated, you feel chaotic, checked out, or like you're 'not yourself'. Practice small daily rituals to build safety (like sipping warm drinks, rhythmic movements or vocalising).
Simba (Sympathetic Nervouse System)-he is the lion--the fight/flight branch of your nervous system. He's fierce, fast, and ready to pounce. He gets you hyped to act-but if he never powers down, you burn out. When Simba's overactivated, you're snappy, sweaty, reactive and overstimulated. Balance on one foot, soften your jaw, or do slow head circles to let Simba settle.
Sara (Parasympathetic Nervous System)-she is the soft one, the peacekeepr of your nervous system. She brings you back to calm once the chaos has passed. She's rest, digestion, recovery, and connection. The slow exhale after the storm. When she's active, your body repairs, your mind clears, and shift actually feels doable again. But if she never turns on, you'll stay stuck in go-mode, even when you're exhausted. Activate Sara by humming, holding warm tea or making eye contact with someone safe.
Doris (Dorsal Vagal)-she is the dissociator. She's the one who pulls the plug when it all gets too much. She puts you in freeze, shutdown, collapse to 'keep you safe' by making you disappear. When Doris is running the show, you feel numb, foggy, hopeless and disconnected. Try soft chest tapping, cheekbone drag, or curling into a blanket to meet her gently.
Vinny (Ventral Vagal)-he is your safe social state. He's the one who helps you feel grounded, open, and connected to others. When Vinny's active, you can rest, digest, play, create, and feel like yourself. When Vinny's online, your body softens, your voice flows and your eyes light up. Bring him back with eye contact, voacal tones or co-regulating with someone you trust.
Mirror (Mirror Neurons)- she is your inner mimic. She reads people's moods, vibes and micro-expressions and copies them to connect. This helps you to bond but can backfire if you lose yourself in someone else's feelings. When Mirror's overfiring you absorb everyone's stress and call it 'being an empath'. Regulate her by closing your eyes and saying 'what's mine, what's theirs'? and doing a palm press.
So what to do with all of this?
Knowing your characters helps to rewire your script.
For instance, when Amy freaks out, Carl doesn't have to shut down. When Simba roars, Sara can whisper.
This isn't about controlling your brain, it's about understanding it.
So you can stop calling your trauma 'personality' and start responding instead of reacting. Awareness is the antidote to shame. Safety is the gateway to change.
Read our latest Newsletter (#5)
Embracing the Transition: How Changing Seasons Affects Your Mood
As the vibrant energy of summer gives way to the cozy quiet of fall and winter, many of us notice a subtle (or not-so-subtle) shift in our mood. The decrease in natural light and cooler temperatures can sometimes lead to what's often called the "winter blues," or even Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), causing feelings of fatigue, low energy, and a general dip in enthusiasm. It’s completely natural for our internal rhythm to react to the world slowing down!
The good news is that we can proactively manage these seasonal shifts by taking control of our environment and routines. To read further visit the newsletter link here.
Featured Blog on International Therapist Directory!
Our blog, "Mixed & TCK: Navigating the Intersection," got featured (this) April 2025 on the International Therapist Directory!
In the blog, we chat about what it’s like being both mixed-ethnic and a Third Culture Kid (TCK). We’re talking about the highs, the lows, and everything in between when it comes to balancing these overlapping identities.
Curious to check it out? You can read the full blog here:
https://internationaltherapistdirectory.com/mixed-tck-navigating-the-intersection/
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ADHD Therapy
Effective Approaches and Evidence-Based Treatments
ADHD (or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts a person's cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functioning. The condition affects roughly 5% of children worldwide and up to 2.5% of adults. The condition's core symptoms—impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention—can significantly affect daily functioning, relationships, academic or work performance, and emotional health. Addressing these challenges effectively requires a multimodal, holistic therapeutic approach, combining medication, behavioral therapies, environmental/social supports, and complementary/alternative therapies. Below is an overview of the key therapeutic approaches for ADHD, supported by academic findings.
Behavioral Therapies: A Cornerstone of ADHD Treatment
1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
CBT is one of the most widely researched behavioral interventions for ADHD, especially effective in adolescents and adults. CBT helps individuals recognize and restructure negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies to manage impulsive behavior and emotional dysregulation. A meta-analysis in Cognitive Therapy and Research found that CBT was effective in reducing ADHD symptoms, particularly in managing impulsivity and improving attention control (Safren et al., 2005; Antshel et al., 2011).
2. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT):
For young children with ADHD, parent-led behavioral interventions like PCIT are effective. PCIT coaches parents in techniques to reinforce positive behaviors and manage impulsive or oppositional behavior, creating a structured and supportive home environment. Studies published in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology show PCIT can reduce ADHD symptoms by enhancing positive parent-child interactions (Eyberg et al., 2001; McNeil et al., 2010).
3. Organizational Skills Training (OST):
OST is an evidence-based approach focusing on executive functioning skills such as planning, organizing, and time management. Research in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry shows OST is particularly beneficial for children struggling with organizational challenges in school (Abikoff et al., 2013).
2. Medication: Addressing Neurochemical Imbalances
Medication is often an essential component of ADHD treatment. Stimulants like methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine salts (Adderall) are the most commonly prescribed medications, proven to reduce hyperactivity and improve focus by targeting dopamine and norepinephrine pathways; Although there are side effects, including changed personality. A systematic review by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) indicates that stimulant medications are effective for around 70-80% of individuals with ADHD, producing rapid symptom relief (Faraone et al., 2014).
For those who cannot tolerate stimulants, non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine provide alternative options. These non-stimulant medications work more gradually and help regulate attention and emotional control, with notable effects in reducing anxiety and impulsivity (Michelson et al., 2001; Biederman et al., 2008).
3. Environmental Modifications: Creating a Supportive Structure
a. Classroom and Home Interventions:
ADHD-friendly modifications in home and school settings, such as using visual schedules, structured routines, and reduced clutter, can significantly improve attention and self-regulation. According to the American Journal of Occupational Therapy , visual aids and sensory supports (like fidget tools) help sustain attention and reduce distractions in children with ADHD (Schaaf & Miller, 2005).
b. Parent and Teacher Training Programs:
Training programs for parents and teachers provide essential strategies to reinforce positive behavior and establish consistent routines. Programs such as Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) have shown success in reducing behavioral issues associated with ADHD, as discussed in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology (Sanders et al., 2000). Teacher interventions that include regular feedback and structured support also benefit children's self-regulation and academic performance (DuPaul et al., 2008).
4. Complementary/Alternative Therapies: Mindfulness, Art Therapy, and Physical Activity
a. Mindfulness Meditation and Yoga:
Mindfulness-based interventions help individuals with ADHD improve focus, emotional regulation, and impulse control. Studies in Journal of Attention Disorders reveal that mindfulness training reduces stress, enhances attention, and fosters emotional self-regulation in individuals with ADHD (Zylowska et al., 2008).
b. Art Therapy and Play Therapy:
These creative therapies allow children to express emotions and process stress in non-verbal ways, fostering emotional regulation and coping skills. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association highlights the positive effects of art therapy in managing ADHD symptoms by promoting executive function skills, such as planning and problem-solving (Perry & Dufrene, 2016).
c. Physical Exercise:
Exercise has demonstrated benefits in reducing ADHD symptoms by enhancing dopamine production and improving executive functioning. Aerobic activities, such as running or cycling, can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity while improving mood. A review in Current Psychiatry Reports found that physical activity complements traditional ADHD treatment by improving mood, attention, and behavior (Gapin et al., 2011).
5. Future Directions and Considerations
Combining these therapies within an individualized, multidisciplinary plan is often the most effective approach. Moreover, ongoing research into neurofeedback, nutritional interventions, and digital cognitive training holds promise for expanding ADHD treatment options. As ADHD is a lifelong condition for many, treatment must be adaptive and personalized, evolving as the individual's needs change over time.
In sum, ADHD treatment benefits from a multifaceted approach, combining behavioral strategies, medication, environmental adaptations, and complementary therapies. By these integrating evidence-based therapies, individuals with ADHD can achieve substantial improvements in managing symptoms, enhancing quality of life, and achieving their potential.
References
- Abikoff, H., Gallagher, R., Wells, K., Murray, D., Huang, L., Lu, F., & Petkova, E. (2013). Remediating organizational functioning in children with ADHD: Immediate and long-term effects from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 52(4), 359–369.
- Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin , 121(1), 65–94.
- Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., & Wilens, T. E. (2008). Evidence-based pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology , 11(5), 723–738.
- Faraone, S. V., & Buitelaar, J. (2010). Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 19(4), 353–364.
- Perry, D.F., & Dufrene, T. (2016). The impact of art therapy on children with ADHD. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association , 33(1), 33-42.
- Sanders, M.R., Markie-Dadds, C., Tully, L.A., & Bor, W. (2000). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed behavioral family intervention for parents of children with early onset conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 28(2), 77–91.
- Zylowska, L., Ackerman, D.L., Yang, MH, Futrell, J.L., Horton, N.L., Hale, T.S., ... & Smalley, S.L. (2008). Mindfulness meditation training in adults and adolescents with ADHD: A feasibility study. Journal of Attention Disorders , 11(6), 737–746.
Trauma Therapie
Effective Approaches and Evidence-Based Treatments
Trauma therapy addresses the psychological impact of traumatic experiences, both lived and witnessed. Trauma can stem from various sources, such as abuse, neglect, accidents, or exposure to violence, and its effects can be profound, and unique from person to person, often leading to conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. This article explores various approaches to trauma therapy, highlighting their principles, methods, and evidence of effectiveness.
Key Approaches to Trauma Therapy
- Art Therapy
- Description: Art therapy is a therapeutic approach that combines the creative process of making art-drawing, painting, 3D art, clay, etc- with psychological principles/theory to enhance emotional well-being, promote healing, and improve mental health. It provides individuals with a means to express their thoughts and feelings non-verbally, making it particularly beneficial for those who find it challenging to articulate their emotions through words.
- Effectiveness: Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and improving emotional well-being in trauma survivors. For example, a systematic review found that art therapy significantly reduced PTSD symptoms and depression in children and adults who had experienced trauma (Krause & Coaten, 2018). Also art therapy has been shown to activate brain areas involved in emotional regulation and processing, leading to enhanced emotional expression and reduced anxiety. Research indicates that engaging in creative activities can stimulate the release of endorphins and other neurotransmitters that promote healing and reduce stress (Stuckey & Nobel, 2010).
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Description: CBT is a widely used approach that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with trauma. It helps individuals develop coping strategies and resilience.
- Effectiveness: Studies indicate that CBT can significantly reduce PTSD symptoms and improve overall mental health in trauma survivors (Cloitre et al., 2010).
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
- Description: EMDR involves processing traumatic memories while engaging in bilateral stimulation (such as side-to-side eye movements). This method helps to reduce the emotional distress associated with traumatic memories.
- Effectiveness: Research supports EMDR's effectiveness in treating PTSD, with many individuals reporting substantial symptom relief after a limited number of sessions (Shapiro, 2014).
- Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)
- Description: Specifically designed for children and adolescents, TF-CBT integrates cognitive behavioral techniques with trauma-sensitive interventions. It often involves both the child and their caregivers.
- Effectiveness: TF-CBT has been shown to reduce PTSD and related symptoms in children and adolescents, making it a first-line treatment (Cohen et al., 2006).
- Somatic Experiencing
- Description: This approach focuses on the body's sensations and aims to release the tension associated with trauma. It emphasizes awareness of physical responses to trauma and utilizes techniques to restore the body's natural equilibrium.
- Effectiveness: While research is still emerging, preliminary studies suggest that somatic experiencing can be beneficial for trauma recovery (Levine, 2010).
- Narrative Therapy
- Description: Narrative therapy helps individuals rewrite their trauma stories, allowing them to gain control over their narratives and promote healing. It focuses on separating the person from their problems.
- Effectiveness: This approach has been effective in helping individuals understand their trauma in a way that promotes resilience and empowerment (White & Epston, 1990).
- Group Therapy
- Description: Group therapy provides a supportive environment where individuals can share their experiences and coping strategies. It fosters a sense of community and belonging among trauma survivors.
- Effectiveness: Research shows that group therapy can be an effective adjunct to individual therapy, offering shared experiences that facilitate healing (Yalom & Leszcz, 2005).
The Importance of a Tailored Approach
Each person's experience of trauma is unique, making it essential to tailor therapy to their specific needs and circumstances. A combination of different therapeutic modalities may be the most effective way to address complex trauma, ensuring a holistic approach to healing.
Conclusion
Trauma therapy plays a vital role in helping individuals navigate the psychological aftermath of a traumatic experience (or multiple traumas). By employing various therapeutic approaches, mental health professionals can provide effective treatment tailored to the individual's needs. As research continues to evolve, it is crucial to remain informed about the most effective practices for trauma recovery.
References
- Cloitre, M., Cohen, L. R., & Koenen, K. C. (2010). Treatment for Complex PTSD in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress , 23(6), 615-626.
- Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents: An Evidence-Based Treatment Manual. Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 21(1), 71-90.
- Levine, P. (2010). In an Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness . North Atlantic Books.
- Shapiro, F. (2014). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures . Guilford Press.
- White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends . Norton & Company.
- Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2005). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy . Basic Books.
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